Berhold Tyczner, a merchant from Moravia, founded Tyczyn in 1368 during the rein of king Kazimir the Great. Jews migrated into the area during the XV and XVI centuries.
Tyczyn was located in the lower Carpathian foothills, about half way between the two large towns of Krakow to the west and Lwow (Lemberg) to the east. The center of town was on top of a hill surrounded by numerous farming villages. To the north of town was the River Stryj.
The town grew and dominated the area until the mid 16 hundreds when it was destroyed first by a Tartar and later by a Cossack invasion. During the years 1792 to 1918 Tyczyn and the southern part of Poland known as Galicia became part of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire. During those years the area of Tyczyn came under administrative control of Rzeszow, a larger town and a county seat, some eight miles north of Tyczyn.

Live webcam from RZESZOW just up the road from Tyczyn.

Despite the fact that La Coruñ¡ ¨A Coruñ¡ ©n Gallego) is an ancient city, it does not have a wealth of historical and architectural monuments. Celts, Phoenicians, and Romans all occupied the port, and it is another of the legendary cities that claim Hercules as its founder.The greatest event in the history of La Coruñ¡ ¯ccurred in 1588, when Philip II's Invincible Armada sailed from here to England. Only half the ships made it back to Spain. The following year, Sir Francis Drake and his ships attacked the port in reprisal.

The origin of this village, situated on a beautiful, gentle and grassy slope, on a loamy ridge delineated by deep torrential canals, seems to be lost in time. According to some historians an old legend attributed to Čepić, or Ceppici, or Ceplia, or Cepliano to a pre-Roman origin: it was the territory of the Celts Secussi, and at the end of the last century we are able to place here those tales destroyed by the Romans in 177 B.C., but there are no findings which confirm it. The name was probably confused with Felicia which would be the old Roman name of the village that existed until the advent of the Carolingians. During the Italian administration between the two world wars, Cepich regained the official name of Felicia. Findings of coins and roof tiles on the place confirm the presence of a Roman influence. An altar dedicated to Hera is preserved in the museum of Albona and an inscription to Silvano Augusto is found above the parrochial church of the Holy Trinity.
The facts related to the dark age of the empire and of the Byzanthian period are rare and uncertain with the exception of devastations occurring during the horrible incursions of the Slavs, Avars, and Longobards in the VII and VIII centuries. In the meantime, there is evidence of its old and primitive castle, which was more than a fortification. It was also the residence of the margrave of the patriarchs of Aquileia which at the beginning of the second millennium exercised their ecclesiastical authority on the land. Their location was in the proximity of the Lake of Arsa in a small villa in the wilderness not far from the convent of the Madonna of the Lake, which went into ruins in 1395. The Slavs gave this place the name of Gradaz, which means heap of stones or debris. Felicia or Cepich could have been also the place, now unknown of the old Cortalba or Corte Alba which was documented in the act of donation from Enrico IV to the margrave of Istria Ulrico, in 1064, by the name of Curtane Lahanennit, which enacts as a village "quae dicitur Cortalba inter latinos", passed to the patriarchs of Aquileia as a gift from Ulrico II and his wife Adelaide. Cepich remained under the authority of the patriarchs of Aquileia, however under the Bishop of Pedena. It was then given in trust to the Counts of Gorizia in 1270, the domain was then incorporated in 1367 by the Count Alberto IV of Pisino, to the lords of Cosliacco, under the Guteneckers, until such time Duke Federico of Austria forced the village from the Guteneckers placing it a feudal state under the lords of Cosliacco.
In 1436, when the Moyses brothers were invested in the domain of Cosliacco, received back the village of Cepich paying 250 Aquileian marks to the Duke Federico: in the relative document the village is known with the German name of Pitsch.
Nonetheless the Nicolichs and the Barbos, the Moyses' heirs divided between each other the domain of Cosliacco, Cepich became the possession of Giorgio Nicolich and successively of his son Giuseppe. who was killed in the peasant revolt of 1574 in which also the farmers of Cepich participated, a fact which is still today remembered with pride. The village then passed at the end of the XVI century to a noble family from Rimini of the Marquis Diotalevi. Diotalevo Diotalevi had married Giuliana Nicolich some years after the death of her father, his wife had brought him as a dowry the domain of Cepich. At that time the new small domain of Cepich was formed on the East with Malacrasca and Su Codru or Jessenoviza, on the North with Berdo, and on the West with Tupliacco and on the South with Chersano. The Diotalevis settled in Cepich with the family and built a new three story building, rectangular plan, with a tower and with an internal courtyard; the construction was like a castle.
During the Uskok war in 1612, Venetian troops under general Barbaro attacked and burned the village of Cepich. The presidium of Gallignana under Giorgio Vivo ran to help the village, succeeded in a desperate fight to push back the invaders. It seems that the castle even if damaged as a fact of war, was repaired, in fact, in the paper of Valvasor, which goes back to the sixteen century, it seems to be in good conditions and preserved. Still in 1616, the Albonese peasants, with a body of 70 mercenaries, engaged by the Venetian, broke into the valley and burned Cepich and stole the cattle as they were retiring. The Corsicans, in order to protect the Albonese retreat, maded a bridge-head on the hills of Cepich and there was a long and obstinate fight with the Austrian troops, under captain Seminich, who rushed from Pedena. The Corsicans at the conclusion of their assignment were able to get out and retreat in the venetian territory of Albona. The ruins of the castle were visible until 1830, then the material was used to build a section of the road and the bridge over the Arsa.
In 1670, the barony of Cepich was acquired by Prince of Auersberg and was united to the lords of Cosliacco and Bellai. After the Austrian restoration of 1814, Cepich became part of the commune of Chersano. The village had its best period in the XV and XVI centuries, when the Val d'Arsa was the garden of Austrian possessions in Istria.
At that time several middle class families as the Durs, settled on those gentle slopes of the hill next to the shore of the lake, which at that time was not a marsh and source of malaria. Cepich was even called Purgaria, from the German Burger, which reminded the nobility and the middle class which had resided, while the Austrians called Pitsch or Zepitsch. Still today on German maps, Purgaria is linked to Cepich.
The village is on the western side of the plain of Arsa, on the crossways to Valdarsa and the ex-church of the Madonna of the Lake, just before Chersano, stretching on a fertile and gentle grassy slope, bordered by torrential canals which descend the plain of Arsa. The village farmers' houses and the new villas are situated at a distance from each other with orchards surrounded by aromatic plants and gardens with small palm trees, through which large chestnut and hackberry trees are visible.

Fleeing the Turks, large groups of Romanians reached Istria five centuries ago. According to a document, discovered at Kubed near Koper, the Vlachs clashed with the autochtons in 1460. Most likely, they inhabited then a much larger area than today, but they gradually assimilated with the Slavic population. On the Labin?ćina, Istrian Romanians, inhabit, besides Su?njevica also Brdo, Kostrčani, Nova Vas and a part of Jasenovik [prior World War II, that there were other towns as well]. Their traces can be found in the Slavic population through their names: Licul, Černjul, Burul, Faraguna... Most of their names are almost entirely Croatized by now [ex: Pezul = Peculić], only the name Bartul remains in its original form [in Istria].
Their Croatian neighbors, started calling them "Ćiribirci", a neologism derived from the words "Cire bire." Translated it means "Hold it!" Various legends about this name do not agree in all details. According to one story, Romanians earned this name in Istria, which has a derisive connotation, working in the port of Rijeka, where they made their living, working hard on the docks. Carrying heavy bags, they would yell "Cire bire" to one another! Another story says, that the same words were shouted to one of their compatriots, while he was fighting with the member of another ethnic group. Life of the Istrian Romanians was quite hard; they lived on the poorest and least fertile land. They [only the Istro-Romanians from the villages on the north side of Učka] mostly supported themselves by hauling charcoal over Mount Učka to Rijeka and Trieste. Sometimes, when the gusts of "bura," blowing from Učka, were strong enough to turn the cart upside down along with the load of firewood, the cry "Cire bire" could be heard.
Women from Su?njevica and from surrounding villages used a lot of imagination to feed their numerous offsprings. For example, they had the practice of adopting orphans from the orphanages in Trieste, thus ensuring financial support from the government. Some families had more than one orphan who were treated the same as family members. Therefore, some names can be found nowadays in Su?njevica that are uncharacteristic for this area.
Another term, "bajle" - is also associated to the women of Su?njevica [and nearby towns]. This was the name of a bizarre profession [no, common use in many countries by aristocracy]. To earn some liras or florins, they breast-fed the babies of wealthy families in Opatija and Rijeka. Their own babies were thus denied mothers' milk [not always so]. This was a service with a taste of poverty and bitterness. In the family where at least one member had a steady employment, misery was not so evident. Owing to such conditions, males from Su?njevica began to sail as early as during Austrian-Hungarian rule. This gave them the opportunity to emigrate, mostly to the United States, which was even more intense after the war [after both world wars]. The "official" language in their community is Istrian-Romanian, containing numerous [?] Slavic [and Venetian] words. The Croatian language, was never forgotten [never learned by those not attending school], after being taught in the school founded by the St. Cyril and Methodius Society during Austrian rule.
In spite of being a substandard area, with very poor communications and road connections, without economic resources, Su?njevica became a borough [comune?] with the arrival of Italian authorities. This was a concession to the Romanian population, with a deliberate emphasis on its separateness from its Croatian neighbors, with whom relations were not always perfect, somewhat burdened by prejudices. For example, a young man from Čepić, would have never married a girl from Su?njevica, a "Ciribirka" [this is popular modern lore, not quite true a century ago when Čepić also had Istro-Romanian speakers]. The decision to form the borough of Su?njevica, which was renamed [under Italy] to Valdarsa, was confired by royal decree of January 19, 1922. Until then, Su?njevica was part of the borough of Boljun, along with Letaj. Grobnik was under the municipality of Pazin, while Brdo, Jasenovik and Nova Vas [Noselo] were within the borders of Plomin. The newly founded borough had 2,128 inhabitants. Along with a police force, like any other borough, a new municipal building was built, and it dominates in the village along with the church. There were four tavems, a tobacco-shop and a store in the village. While parting with Su?njevica, let's note a few words in the language of the Ciribirci. "Bura dia! [zi']" - Good day! "Bura sera!" - Good evening! Nice girl is "mu?ata fetica" [with the pronunciation of the a and e being different from the Slavic]. Let's count from one to ten: ur, doj, trej, puatru, činč, ?uase, ?apte, opt [ossun], devet and ozače [zače].

(L)The Fountain of Gradinje (R)The Church of All Saints built in 1602

...Disna in 1916...

While archeological evidence points to settlement in today's Belarus at least 10,000 years ago, recorded history begins with settlement by Baltic and Slavic tribes in the early centuries A.D. With distinctive features by the ninth century, the emerging Belarusian state was then absorbed by Kievan Rus' in the 9th century. Belarus was later an integral part of what was called Litva, which included today's Belarus as well as today's Lithuania. Belarus was the birthplace of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Belarusian was the state language of the Grand Duchy until 1697, in part owing to the strong flowering of Belarusian culture during the Renaissance through the works of leading Belarusian humanists such as Frantzisk Skaryna). Belarus was the site of the Union of Brest in 1597, which created the Greek Catholic Church, for long the majority church in Belarus until suppressed by the Russian empire, and the birthplace of Thaddeus Kosciuszko, who played a key role in the American Revolution. Occupied by the Russian empire from the end of the 18th century until 1918, Belarus declared its short-lived National Republic on March 25, 1918, only to be forcibly absorbed by the Bolsheviks into what became the Soviet Union. Suffering massive population losses under Stalin and the Nazi occupation, Belarus was retaken by the Soviets in 1944. It declared its sovereignty on July 27, 1990, and independence from the Soviet Union on August 25, 1991. It has been run by the authoritarian Aleksander Lukashenko since 1994.